Influence of breastfeeding duration on the incidence of dental caries in preschoolers: a cohort study / Influência da duração da amamentação na incidência de cárie dentária em pré-escolares: um estudo de coorte

Abstract Objectives: investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and the incidence of severe caries in preschoolers. Methods: a cohort study was conducted with 132 pairs of mothers and children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. Data collection was performed in 2 moments: when the children were between two and three years of age (baseline- 2013/2014) and after three years (T1-2016/2017). In both moments, children were evaluated for dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS) and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers addressing socioeconomic aspects and thee habits of children. The outcome evaluated was the incidence of severe caries (Dentin caries - ICDAS Codes 5 and 6). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and Poisson hierarchical regression with robust variance. Results: children who breastfed for more than 24 months (RR = 2.24 CI95%= 1.23-4.08), those whose parents were separated (RR = 1.73 CI95%= 1.11-2.69), and those with estab-lished/severe caries (RR = 2.74 CI95%= 1.37-5.49) at baseline were at greater risk of incidence of severe caries after three years. Conclusion: breastfeeding for more than 24 months is a risk factor for incidence of severe caries. In addition, family structure and established or severe baseline caries were associated.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a associação entre a duração da amamentação e a incidência de cárie grave em pré-escolares. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 132 pares de mães e crianças de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As crianças foram avaliadas em dois momentos: dois e três anos de idade (baseline-2013/2014) e após três anos (T1- 2016/2017). Dados socioeconómicos e relativos aos hábitos das criançasforam obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães e a presença de cárie dentária foi diagnosticada segundo o protocolo "International Caries Detection and Assessment System - ICDAS". O desfecho foi a incidência de cárie grave (cárie em dentina - códigos ICDAS 5 e 6). Para análise dos dados empregou-se regressão hierárquica de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: crianças que amamentaram por mais de 24 meses (RR = 2,24 IC95%= 1,234,08), cujos pais viviam separados no baseline (RR = 1,73 IC95%= 1,11-2,69) e aquelas com cárie estabelecida ou grave no baseline (RR = 2, 74 IC950%= 1,37-5,49) estavam em maior risco de incidência de cárie grave após 3 anos. Conclusão: a amamentação por mais de 24 meses foi um fator de risco para a incidência de cárie dentária grave em pré-escolares. Além disso, estrutura familiar e cárie estabelecida ou grave no baseline estiveram associados.

Terapia endodóntica en pacientes adultos mayores ¿qué debemos tener en cuenta? / Endodontic therapy in elderly patients, what should we consider?

De acuerdo con la tendencia mundial, el número de personas de 60 años y más va en aumento. Este crecimiento demográfico de la población, el aumento de las expectativas de vida de las personas y la tendencia a la disminución de pacientes edéntulos, produce una mayor demanda de procedimientos endodónticos en la población anciana. Es fundamental que el odontólogo conozca la fisiología del envejecimiento para poder abordar, en forma eficaz, el tratamiento en los pacientes pertenecientes a este grupo etario. Se ha descripto que los tejidos dentales sufren cambios a lo largo de la vida; entre ellos, la reducción del número de fibroblastos, de odontoblastos, de vasos sanguíneos y de fibras nerviosas; el aumento de fibras colágenas, de masas calcificadas, aposición de cemento, de dentina secundaria y de dentina de reparación. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica en relación a los cambios que presentan la pulpa dental, la dentina y el cemento, relacionados con el proceso de envejecimiento y sus posibles dificultades al momento de realizar el tratamiento endodóntico; sin olvidar cómo pueden inferir en el éxito del tratamiento las posibles patologías sistémicas que presentan los pacientes a consecuencia de la edad (AU)

According to the world trend, the number of people aged 60 and over is increasing. This demographic growth of the population, the increase in people's life expectancies and the tendency to decrease edentulous patients, produces a greater demand for endodontic procedures in the elderly population. It is essential that the dentist knows the physiology of aging to be able to effectively address the treatment in patients belonging to this age group. It has been described that dental tissues suffer changes throughout life, including the reduction of the number of fibroblasts, odontoblasts, blood vessels and nerve fibers; the increase of collagen fibers, calcified masses, apposition of cement, secondary dentin and repair dentin. The objective of the present work is to carry out a bibliographic review in relation to the changes that the dental pulp, dentine and cement have in relation to the aging process and its possible consequences in the endodontic treatment; without forgetting how it can infer in the success of the treatment the possible systemic pathologies that patients present as a result of age (AU)

Uso do tratamento restaurador atraumático na Estratégia Saúde da Família / The use of atraumatic restorative treatment in the Family Health Strategy

Introdução: A Estratégia Saúde da Família constitui um espaço de práticas de promoção de saúde que se utiliza de tecnologias de elevada complexidade e baixa densidade para melhorar a condição de saúde bucal da população. O Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático é uma técnica de controle da cárie dentária com remoção da dentina infectada e uso de materiais efetivos e seguros, indicado para o serviço público. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção e a prática dos cirurgiões-dentistas inseridos na Estratégia Saúde da Família quanto ao Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático. Material e Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de caráter quanti-qualitativo realizado por meio de um questionário autoaplicável e pré-testado. Participaram 32 cirurgiões-dentistas das Equipes de Saúde Bucal de um município de médio porte do sul do Brasil, no ano de 2011. Resultado: Todos os cirurgiões-dentistas revelaram conhecer a técnica e 84% usam na sua prática clínica diária, sendo que 62% o fazem no ambiente clínico do serviço público e 22% fazem uso tanto no consultório privado como no público. Para apenas 12,5%, a indicação da técnica é de tratamento definitivo. A maioria considera a técnica uma boa alternativa de tratamento para ser empregada na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Quanto à eficácia, 87,5% acreditam na técnica e 40,6% obtiveram sucesso total com o tratamento. Uma pequena parcela indicou corretamente o seu uso em situações clínicas. Conclusão: O tratamento restaurador atraumático precisa ser difundido e aprimorado entre os cirurgiões-dentistas para o benefício da saúde bucal da população brasileira.

Introduction: The Family Health Strategy establishes an area of health promotion practices and uses technologies of high complexity and low density to improve the oral health status of the population. The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is a technique for controlling dental caries removing the infected dentin and use of safe and effective materials suitable for the public service. Objective: To analyze the perception and practice of dentist surgeons included in the Family Health Strategy about the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. Material and Method: This is a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative character performed by a questionnaire, self-administered and pretested. There were thirty-two participating dentist surgeons of Oral Health teams of a medium-sized city in southern Brazil in 2011. Result: All dentists revealed to know the technique and 84% use in their daily clinical practice, and 62% do it in the clinical environment of public service and 22% use both in public and private practice. For only 12.5%, the indication of the technique is definitive. For most of them, the technique is a good alternative treatment to be used in the Family Health Strategy. Concerning the effectiveness 87.5% believe in the technique and 40.6% had total success with the treatment. A small portion indicated correctly its use in clinical situations. Conclusion: The Atraumatic Restorative Treatment needs to be enhanced and widespread among dentist surgeons for the benefit of the oral health of the Brazilian population.

Desensitizing treatments for dentin hypersensitivity: a randomized, split-mouth clinical trial

The aim of this randomized, controlled, split-mouth, clinical study was to differentiate and clinically qualify the effectiveness of different desensitizing agents in the treatment of painful symptoms caused by cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH). Two hundred-and-fifty-two teeth of 42 patients were distributed into seven groups (n = 36): G1 - placebo; G2, G3, G4 and G6 - fluoride varnishes; G5 - sodium fluoride; G7 - potassium oxalate. Three applications were made one week apart. A three-score system (Alfa = 0, Bravo = 2, and Charlie = 3, respectively for no sensitivity, slight sensitivity and high sensitivity) was used to assess CDH after each application and after 30 days. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskall-Wallis and Dun tests. After the second week, statistically significant differences were observed for all materials compared with the baseline. After 30 days, Group G7 had presented a significant gradual reduction along all the evaluated time intervals. It was concluded that all the desensitizing agents were capable of reducing dentin hypersensitivity, with the exception of the placebo and the sodium fluoride groups.

Two-year clinical evaluation of three adhesive systems in non-carious cervical lesions

OBJECTIVES: Adhesive systems are continuously being introduced to Dentistry, unfortunately often without sufficient clinical validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of cervical restorations done with three different adhesive systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 158 non-carious cervical lesions of 23 patients were restored with a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Supreme, 3M/ESPE) combined with Single Bond (3M/ESPE, group SI), Clearfil SE (Kuraray Medical Inc., group CL) and Xeno III (De Trey Dentsply, group XE). In groups SI-B, CL-B and XE-B, the outer surface of the sclerotic dentin was removed by roughening with a diamond bur before application of the respective adhesive systems. In groups CL-BP and XE-BP, after removal of the outer surface of the sclerotic dentin with the bur, the remaining dentin was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and the self-etch adhesive systems Clearfil SE and Xeno III were applied, respectively. Lesions were evaluated at baseline, and restorations after 3 months, 1 year and 2 years using modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: After 2 years, no significant difference was found between the retention rates of the groups (p >0.05). Although groups CL and SI showed significantly better marginal adaptation than group XE (p<0.05) at 2 years, no significant difference was found between the marginal adaptation of the groups SI-B, CL-B and XE-B (p>0.05). After 2 years no significant difference was observed among the marginal staining results of all groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Although all adhesive systems showed similar retention rates, Clearfil SE and Single Bond showed better marginal adaptation than Xeno III after 2 years of follow-up.

Remoção parcial de tecido cariado em lesões de cárie profundas de dentes permanentes / Partial removal of carious dentine in deep caries lesion in the permanent dentition

The partial removal of carious dentine was studied by means of a literature review and a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. The clinical trial compared the effectiveness of an alternative treatment for deep caries lesions and the stepwise excavation in Public Health Services in Brazil. The treatment consists of partial removal of carious dentine followed by restoration in one session. A cost-effectiveness analysis the two treatments was performed. The clinical performance of amalgam and resin restorations placed in deep caries lesions with or without decayed tissue beneath them was also evaluated. Inclusion criteria: patients with ¡Ý nine years old, permanent molars with deep caries lesions and absence of periapical alterations, pulp sensitivity; absence of spontaneous pain; negative percussion test. The subjects were assigned to: test-group - partial removal of carious dentine (PDR) and restoration, and control-group - stepwise excavation (SW). SW consists of partial removal of carious tissue, indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide cement; temporary filling; cavity re-opening after 60 days, removal of the remaining soft carious...

Endodoncia en odontogeriatría: parte I / Endodontics in geriatric dentistry: part I

El envejecimiento es un fenómeno natural, inevitable y una parte intrínseca de todas las formas de vida. La expectativa de vida al nacer se incrementa tanto en Argentina como en el mundo. Esto determina una creciente longevidad de la población. En virtud de las políticas preventivas y de salud, estas personas conservan su dentición propia. Esto implica que en este grupo etario habrá un incremento de la demanda de atención odontológica y una mayor necesidad de terapias endodónticas. Para satisfacer esta demanda, el odontólogo en primer lugar debe integrar un equipo multidisciplinario con el médico de cabecera y los distintos especialistas, para poder así brindar la mejor atención. En segundo lugar debe conocer las particularidades anatómicas, fisiológicas y patológicas que se producen en la cavidad bucal y en la dentición de esas personas con el avance de la edad.